Pentatomidae

Description

Pentatomidae, Greek pente meaning five and tomos meaning section, are a family of insects belonging to order Hemiptera including some of the stink bugs and shield bugs. The scutellum body is typically half of an inch long, green or brown color, usually trapezoidal in shape, giving this family the name "shield bug". The tarsi are 3-segmented. The forewings of stink bugs are called hemelytra, with the basal half thickened while the apex is membranous (as are the hindwings). The stink bug, also called stinkbug, derives its name from its tendency to eject a foul smelling glandular substance secreted from pores in the thorax when disturbed. The chemicals involved include aldehydes, making the smell similar to that of coriander; whether or not a human finds the smell unpleasant or pleasant may be genetic. In some species the liquid contains cyanide compounds with a rancid almond scent. This is a form of antipredator adaptation.

The idiomatic term "stink bug" is also applied to distantly related species such as Boisea trivittata, the "boxelder bug", and entirely different types of insects such as beetles in the genus Eleodes ("pinacate beetles").

Many stink bugs and shield bugs are considered agricultural pest insects, because they can create large populations which feed on crops (damaging production), and they are resistant to many pesticides. They are a threat to cotton, corn, sorghum, soybeans, native and ornamental trees, shrubs, vines, weeds, and many cultivated crops. However, some genera of Pentatomidae are considered highly beneficial: the anchor bug, which can be distinguished by the red-orange anchor shape on the adult, is one example. It is a predator of other insects, especially Mexican bean beetles, Japanese beetles, and other pest insects.
Spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris preying on larvae of Epilachna varivestis
Anchor bug (Stiretrus anchorago) valued as a predator on crop pests.

They also are commonly eaten in Laos, and are regarded as delicious due to their extremely strong odor. The insects are sometimes pounded together with spices and a seasoning to prepare cheo, a paste mixed with chilies and herbs.

There are several subfamilies, of which the Australian Aphylinae is often given family status, but is here retained as a subfamily, following Grazia et al. (2008).

Species (Europe)

Acrosternum arabicum Wagner, 1959
Acrosternum heegeri Fieber, 1861
Acrosternum malickyi Josifov & Heiss, 1989
Acrosternum millierei (Mulsant & Rey, 1866)
Acrosternum rubescens (Noualhier, 1893)
Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Aelia albovittata Fieber, 1868
Aelia angusta Stehlik, 1976
Aelia cognata Fieber, 1868
Aelia cribrosa Fieber, 1868
Aelia furcula Fieber, 1868
Aelia germari Kuster, 1852
Aelia klugii Hahn, 1833
Aelia notata Rey, 1887
Aelia rostrata Boheman, 1852
Aelia sibirica Reuter, 1884
Aelia virgata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1841)
Ancyrosoma leucogrammes (Gmelin, 1790)
Andrallus spinidens (Fabricius, 1787)
Antheminia absinthii (Wagner, 1952)
Antheminia aliena (Reuter, 1891)
Antheminia lunulata (Goeze, 1778)
Antheminia pusio (Kolenati, 1846)
Antheminia varicornis (Jakovlev, 1874)
Apodiphus amygdali (Germar, 1817)
Arma custos (Fabricius, 1794)
Arma insperata Horvath, 1899
Asaroticus solskyi Jakovlev, 1873
Bagrada abeillei Puton, 1881
Bagrada confusa Horvath, 1936
Bagrada elegans Puton, 1873
Bagrada funerea Horvath, 1901
Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister, 1835)
Bagrada stolida (Herrich-Schäffer, 1839)
Bagrada turcica Horvath, 1936
Brachynema cinctum (Fabricius, 1775)
Brachynema germarii (Kolenati, 1846)
Brachynema purpureomarginatum (Rambur, 1839)
Capnoda batesoni Jakovlev, 1889
Carpocoris coreanus Distant, 1899
Carpocoris fuscispinus (Boheman, 1850)
Carpocoris melanocerus (Mulsant & Rey, 1852)
Carpocoris pudicus (Poda, 1761)
Carpocoris purpureipennis (De Geer, 1773)
Chlorochroa juniperina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chlorochroa pinicola (Mulsant & Rey, 1852)
Chlorochroa reuteriana (Kirkaldy, 1909)
Chroantha ornatula (Herrich-Schäffer, 1842)
Codophila varia (Fabricius, 1787)
Crypsinus angustatus (Baerensprung, 1859)
Derula flavoguttata Mulsant & Rey, 1856
Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dolycoris numidicus Horvath, 1908
Dryadocoris apicalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1842)
Dybowskyia reticulata (Dallas, 1851)
Dyroderes umbraculatus (Fabricius, 1775)
Eudolycoris alluaudi (Noualhier, 1893)
Eurydema cyanea (Fieber, 1864)
Eurydema dominulus (Scopoli, 1763)
Eurydema eckerleini Josifov, 1961
Eurydema fieberi Schummel, 1837
Eurydema gebleri Kolenati, 1846
Eurydema herbacea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1833)
Eurydema lundbaldi Lindberg, 1960
Eurydema maracandica Oshanin, 1871
Eurydema nana Fuente, 1971
Eurydema oleracea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Eurydema ornata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Eurydema rotundicollis (Dohrn, 1860)
Eurydema rugulosa (Dohrn, 1860)
Eurydema sea Pericart & De la Rosa 2004
Eurydema spectabilis Horvath, 1882
Eurydema ventralis Kolenati, 1846
Eysarcoris aeneus (Scopoli, 1763)
Eysarcoris ventralis (Westwood, 1837)
Eysarcoris venustissimus (Schrank, 1776)
Graphosoma interruptum White, 1839
Graphosoma lineatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Graphosoma melanoxanthum Horvath, 1903
Graphosoma semipunctatum (Fabricius, 1775)
Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855), the brown marmorated stink bug
Holcogaster fibulata (Germar, 1831)
Holcostethus albipes (Fabricius, 1781)
Holcostethus evae Ribes, 1988
Holcostethus sphacelatus (Fabricius, 1794)
Jalla dumosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Leprosoma inconspicuum Baerensprung, 1859
Leprosoma stali Douglas & Scott, 1868
Leprosoma tuberculatum Jakovlev, 1874
Macrorhaphis acuta Dallas, 1851
Mecidea lindbergi Wagner, 1954
Mecidea pallidissima Jensen-Haarup, 1922
Menaccarus arenicola (Scholz, 1847)
Menaccarus deserticola Jakovlev, 1900
Menaccarus dohrnianus (Mulsant & Rey, 1866)
Menaccarus turolensis Fuente, 1971
Mustha spinosula (Lefèbvre, 1831)
Neostrachia bisignata (Walker, 1867)
Neottiglossa bifida (A. Costa, 1847)
Neottiglossa flavomarginata (Lucas, 1849)
Neottiglossa leporina (Herrich-Schäffer, 1830)
Neottiglossa lineolata (Mulsant & Rey, 1852)
Neottiglossa pusilla (Gmelin, 1790)
Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758), the southern green stink bug
Palomena formosa Vidal, 1940
Palomena prasina (Linnaeus, 1761)
Palomena viridissima (Poda, 1761)
Pentatoma rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758), the forest bug
Peribalus congenitus Putshkov, 1965
Peribalus inclusus (Dohrn, 1860)
Peribalus strictus (Fabricius, 1803)
Perillus bioculatus (Fabricius, 1775)
Picromerus bidens (Linnaeus, 1758)
Picromerus brachypterus Ahmad & Onder, 1990
Picromerus conformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1841)
Picromerus nigridens (Fabricius, 1803)
Piezodorus lituratus (Fabricius, 1794)
Piezodorus punctipes Puton, 1889
Piezodorus teretipes (Stål, 1865)
Pinthaeus sanguinipes (Fabricius, 1781)
Podops annulicornis Jakovlev, 1877
Podops calligerus Horvath, 1887
Podops curvidens Costa, 1843
Podops dilatatus Puton, 1873
Podops inunctus (Fabricius, 1775)
Podops rectidens Horvath, 1883
Putonia torrida Stål, 1872
Rhacognathus punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rhaphigaster nebulosa (Poda, 1761)
Rubiconia intermedia (Wolff, 1811)
Schyzops aegyptiaca (Lefèbvre, 1831)
Sciocoris angularis Puton, 1889
Sciocoris angusticollis Puton, 1895
Sciocoris conspurcatus Klug, 1845
Sciocoris convexiusculus Puton, 1874
Sciocoris cursitans (Fabricius, 1794)
Sciocoris deltocephalus Fieber, 1861
Sciocoris distinctus Fieber, 1851
Sciocoris galiberti Ribaut, 1926
Sciocoris helferi Fieber, 1851
Sciocoris hoberlandti Wagner, 1954
Sciocoris homalonotus Fieber, 1851
Sciocoris luteolus Fieber, 1861
Sciocoris macrocephalus Fieber, 1851
Sciocoris maculatus Fieber, 1851
Sciocoris microphthalmus Flor, 1860
Sciocoris modestus Horvath, 1903
Sciocoris ochraceus Fieber, 1861
Sciocoris orientalis Linnavuori, 1960
Sciocoris pallens Klug, 1845
Sciocoris pentheri Wagner, 1953
Sciocoris pictus Wagner, 1959
Sciocoris sideritidis Wollaston, 1858
Sciocoris sulcatus Fieber, 1851
Sciocoris umbrinus (Wolff, 1804)
Sciocoriscanariensis Lindberg, 1953
Scotinophara sicula (A. Costa, 1841)
Scotinophara subalpina (Bergroth, 1893)
Stagonomus amoenus (Brullé, 1832)
Stagonomus bipunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Stagonomus devius Seidenstucker, 1965
Stagonomus grenieri (Signoret, 1865)
Staria lunata (Hahn, 1835)
Stenozygum coloratum (Klug, 1845)
Sternodontus binodulus Jakovlev, 1893
Sternodontus obtusus Mulsant & Rey, 1856
Tarisa dimidiatipes Puton, 1874
Tarisa elevata Reuter, 1901
Tarisa flavescens Amyot & Serville, 1843
Tarisa pallescens Jakovlev, 1871
Tarisa salsolae Kerzhner, 1964
Tarisa subspinosa (Germar, 1839)
Tholagmus flavolineatus (Fabricius, 1798)
Tholagmus strigatus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1835)
Trochiscocoris hemipterus (Jakovlev, 1879)
Trochiscocoris rotundatus Horvath, 1895
Troilus luridus (Fabricius, 1775)
Ventocoris achivus (Horvath, 1889)
Ventocoris falcatus (Cyrillus, 1791)
Ventocoris fischeri (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
Ventocoris halophilum (Jakovlev, 1874)
Ventocoris modestus (Jakovlev, 1880)
Ventocoris philalyssum (Kiritshenko, 1916)
Ventocoris ramburi (Horvath, 1908)
Ventocoris rusticus (Fabricius, 1781)
Ventocoris trigonus (Krynicki, 1871)
Vilpianus galii (Wolff, 1802)
Zicrona caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Pentatomidae

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